Sevener Shī^cah recognizes Ismā^cīl, the son sixth imām Ja^cfar.

Body of hadīth originates from Judeo-Christian traditions

the use of one’s own judgment to determine the best solution to a religious problem that cannot be solved by citing sacred texts

Jehovah, the proper name of the God of Israel in the Hebrew Bible."Jehovah" was popularized in the English-speaking world by William Tyndale and other pioneer English Protestant translations such as the Geneva Bible and the King James Version. It is still used in some translations, such as the New World Translation and Young's Literal Translation, but it is does not appear in most mainstream English translations, as the terms "Lord" or "LORD": used instead, generally indicating that the corresponding Hebrew is Yahweh. 

Warrior for a holy cause

Beings created of smokeless fire, held accountable by God.

Tax imposed on non-Muslims living under Muslim rule.

Major sin. Scholar al-Shaykh al-Dhahabī counts 70 sins.

Unbeliever, one who knows Islam's origin and denies it. Also he who covers up  the truth. Plural: kuffār.

had the power to lead his tribe spiritually and to advise the tribal leader through divine inspiration

litt: speech. In popular usage it means ‘words only,’ as empty talk.

In the classical Arabic of seminaries  and in Muslim intellectual circles it refers to scholastic theology.

The Caliph was the successor of the Prophet in ruling the Islamic Ummah, Caliphate. The Caliph was different from the Prophet in not receiving any revelations. The Caliph’s role was to execute the revelations in the daily life of the community. This position evolved into being the head of the ruling dynasty.of a Muslim state  perceived as an empire or commonwealth and described as a caliphate (khilafa. The Caliph was different from the Prophet in not receiving any revelations. The Caliph’s role was to execute the revelations in the daily life of the community. This position evolved into being the head of the ruling dynasty.of a Muslim state  perceived as an empire or commonwealth and described as a caliphate (khilafa).

Late 7th Century AD once-supporters of Orthodox Caliph Imām 'Alī Ibn Abī Tālib, the son-in-law and cousin of the Prophet Muhammad, who later rejected his leadership.

Commonly known as ḥijāb. Headscarf, covers head and neck.

Woman divorces a man. Returns dowry and forgoes finances.