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Ayman al-Bishbīshī continues in the nineteenth episode of his series of articles about “The Future of Theocracy in Egypt”.
Ayman al-Bishbīshī continues in the fifteenth episode of his series of articles about “The Future of Theocracy in Egypt.”
Ayman al-Bishbīshī continues in the fifteenth episode of his series of articles about “The Future of Theocracy in Egypt.”
Ayman al-Bishbīshī continues in the thirteenth episode of his series of articles about “The Future of Theocracy in Egypt.”
Ayman al-Bishbīshī continues in the twelfth episode of his series of articles about “The Future of the Religious State in Egypt.”
Ayman al-Bishbīshī continues in the 11th episode of his series of articles about “The Future of theocracy in Egypt.”
In this article, the author deals with the history of the Umayyad caliphate, the power struggle involved and their conflict with their archrivals the ‘Abbāsids.
The author suggests that a Jew in Egypt, who had converted to Islam, spread rumors that sparked the revolt against the third Orthodox caliph, ‘Uthmān.
The author reviews a period in history when Egypt served as a base for the Arab caliphs to conquer Africa.
After the time of the four caliphs who succeeded the Prophet Muhammad, the Islamic state became a kingdom, in the sense that power was passed from father to sons. This inherited rule was initiated by Mu‘āwīya Ibn Abī Sufyān, the founder of the Umayyad dynasty.

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