Jacques Waardenburg is a Dutch emeritus professor and believes that most Muslim countries have great drawbacks, and that Muslims want and need to see values such as justice, security and democracy prevail. Regarding democracy, Waardenburg believes that, in principle, people should participate in decision-making about the social order to be realized in their society. He asserts that in Muslim countries, political parties are not free to act.  Many efforts have been made to keep Islamists outside of the political spectrum. Thus, he stresses that the aforementioned values should be realized in such contexts.