Ten years after the publishing of Al-Banna’s book Mas’ouleyit fashal al-dawla al-Islamiya fil

asr Al-hadith [The responsibility of the failure of the Islamic State in the modern era], the

Azhar recommended the banning of the book because of the unorthodox ideas included in the book. A

heated debate started between conservative Muslim intellectuals and reformist Muslim

intellectuals and, as usual, the two groups exchanged accusations of Kufr [unbelief].