The state might

look to media organizations that it owns - newspapers, radio, TV, etc.- as if they were its own

propaganda instruments to justifies what it does and defend its actions. It is then that these

organizations completely lose their independence and turn into pure ideological organizations

that glorify anything the state does and deride all that the opposition does - or at least

ignores it. Unfortunately, this is how media organizations work in the authoritarian models of

the state which is prevalent in the Third World in general, and the Arab World in particular.

• See art. 18: religious leaders and public figures speak about religious freedom

in Egypt.